OUTCOME MAPPING INTENTIONAL DESIGN FOR ZITTNET, FANTSUAM COMMUNITY
WIRELESS NETWORK

Why are we using Outcome Mapping?
• Development is accomplished by, and for, people
• Focuses on outcomes as behavioural change
• Not impact but contributions to outcomes
• Boundary partners control change
• OM tells the story of influence
• Evaluate the intended and unexpected results
• A tool that helps to document the journey & understand the processes - what worked
and what did not work and why
• You need to know how to improve next time.
• You need a dissemination strategy - identify primary intended users and primary
intended uses of research results.
• To be accountable to your stakeholders and donors.

Partner: Fantsuam Foundation Nigeria
Mission: To provide a sustainable connectivity solutions at Village level in Nigeria through
1. 10,000 rural Community dwellers in Nigeria to have affordable wireless access by 2013
2. Deployment of traditional, modern and old technologies

Behavioral Change to facilitate Plan 2013

Boundary Partner1: The Social Researcher
Outcome Challenge 1:
1. Develop business models for ZittNet that answers the following questions;
- To what extent does the regulatory environment support ZittNet –
costs, technology, licensing?
- What are the user uptake challenges and applications in deploying
ZittNet?
- How do the poor use wireless VOIP to manage their affairs?
- What are the business models?
- What are the support and maintenance requirements?
- What are the scalability and replication challenges?
2. Undertake desktop research of existing WiFi networks in order to understand the context and environment in which they operate.
3. Develop user case studies which will identify the information needs and product/service offerings required by the ZittNet communities.
4. Undertake research to understand how the poor use such services, e.g. wireless VOIP, to manage their affairs. For example, a ZittNet approach would
give access, for the first time, to network logs, billing information etc - something that traditional Telcos are very reluctant to share. Develop research capacity in Outcome Mapping
5. Engage with the Regulator at the beginning of the project and document behavioral changes over time resulting from strategies such as :
- Informing the regulator about the research project
- Developing other progress markers and strategies during the Outcome Mapping phase
- Inviting key country Boundary Partners and stakeholders to a focused workshop
- Drafting of a policy position paper.

Boundary Partner 2: The Social Entrepreneur
Outcome Challenge 2:
- Integrate the IP04, a low cost phone system that can switch phone calls from analog phones or phone lines over the Internet using VoIP, integrated with a WISP in a box.
- Develop an audit of user needs and the user interface with VOIP and WISP technology.
- Develop strategies to inform future phases in the roll-out of ZittNet across Nigeria and West Africa based on the identified user needs.
- Develop ways of working with communities in order to identify potential products and services that carry higher margins in order to become self- sustaining more quickly whilst delivering more relevant development outcomes.
- Leverage the language localisation program at Fantsuam http://zitt.sourceforge.net/zitt.php?su=eng&ibe=2&PHPSESSID=c63f5c272cfe...
- Develop strategies to stimulate demand for new products and services, e.g. by using free calls on the ZittNet. The IP04 is a professionally designed
product that is in volume production today.

Boundary Partner 3: The technical support
Outcome Challenge 3:
- Acquire competence to Implement low cost, affordable technologies and applications that result in the high use, potential revenue and dramatic cost
savings for ZittNet and end users.
- Become competent in 802.11 wireless network, the GNU/Linux operating system, system administration, Basic aspects of the physical layer in wireless
networking, TCP/IP networks, network topologies, planning, subnetting and Powering
- Ultimately, ZittNet will facilitate the expanded use of ICTs in remote African locations.
- Able to provide 24/7 technical support to all clients of ZittNet

Boundary Partner 4: Churches and Mosques.
Outcome Challenge 4:
Confident to share their skills and business models with other organizations Churches and mosques are ubiquitous in all communities. Their own cafes
can be means of ensuring membership loyalty as well as income generation. With their interests taken on board, they can be viable partners in hosting
wireless access. These faith-based organizations all have access to community leaders and politicians through whom FF can raise issues of support for Plan 2013
- Willing to collaborate with ZittNet to raise their members awareness on the use of the wireless network
- Able to integrate ICTs into the services provided for their members
- Identify local champions to work with ZittNet
- Able to generate their own content in their own local languages
- Become champions of wireless connectivity and affordable ICTs for other faith based organizations
- Confident to share their skills and business models with other organizations
- Make the wireless access a sustainable income generating activity for their institution
- Willing to support advocacy efforts with the regulator to improve enabling environment for deployment and development of rural ICTs.

Boundary Partner 5: Local and State Government
Outcome Challenge 5:
Government sent 84 civil servants to attend basic computer training at FF recently: this was evidence that Government recognizes FF’s services and are
willing to engage with FF. Working with civil servants who are now FF alumni gives FF opportunities to engage with Government officials on promoting
2013 target
- Government willing to develop its own ICT Policy based on the national.
- Increased patronage of ZittNet services by Government.
- Government recognition of ZittNet as a strategic partner in promotion of ICTs for rural development in Nigeria.

Boundary Partner 6: The Regulator, Nigerian Communications Commission
Outcome Challenge 6:
• Develop policy to support and enable Community Owned Networks to
be profitable.
• Support ZittNet to scale and expand the network to 10,000
communities

Boundary Partner 7: Information and Communication students of tertiary institutions
Outcome Challenge 7:
The Students Union and their institutions engage with ZittNet to provide work experience for students. Incubator discussions to get the students thinking about how to leverage their education to start an (their own) ICT business. e.g local manufacture of IP04 and telephone micro-business for rural Nigeria.

OM Progress Markers for the ZittNet Wireless Africa Project

Each boundary partner has been assigned Progress markers which are used to monitor the changes in the boundary partners that enables the project achieve its mission.

Outcomes have been assigned to each boundary partner & progress markers are used to monitor behavioural changes of boundary partners in achieving the desired outcome. The Progress Markers for the Outcome Challenges are categorised according to the current status where:
Expect to see = Behaviours the project expects to see.
Like to see = Behaviours the project would like to see.
Love to see = The behaviours associated with achieving the best outcome.

Progress Markers
Site: Nigeria
Date: 13th January,2009.
Boundary Partner 1:Social Researcher TY Shinggu
Outcome Challenge:
1. Develop business models for ZittNet that answers the following questions;
- To what extent does the regulatory environment support ZittNet – costs, technology, licensing?
- What are the user uptake challenges and applications in deploying ZittNet?
- How do the poor use wireless VOIP to manage their affairs?
- What are the business models?
- What are the support and maintenance requirements?
- What are the scalability and replication challenges?
2. Undertake desktop research of existing WiFi networks in order to understand the context and environment in which they operate.
3. Develop user case studies which will identify the information needs and product/service offerings required by the ZittNet communities.
4. Undertake research to understand how the poor use such services, e.g. wireless VOIP, to manage their affairs. For example, a ZittNet approach would
give access, for the first time, to network logs, billing information etc - something that traditional Telcos are very reluctant to share.

Love to see:
- To see ZittNet in close partnership with Government for Last Mile Solutions.
- Collaborating with Local and State Government to develop appropriate policies and implement them for rural wireless connectivity.
- To write briefs with specific recommendations on ICTs for Development and the role of community wireless networks based. These briefs will be targeted at policy makers.
- Enhanced community cohesion through regular Clients, Council and other stakeholders meeting to exchange ideas and improve services.
- New partnerships created with government, private sector, international aid agencies and organisations involved in technology research and development.
- ZittNet represented at national ICT events such as Nigeria.
- Provide regular feedback to regulator on findings of the ZittNet research. Like to see: - To initiate public awareness meetings and dialogue on the use of ICTs for Development.
- To work with GAIYA to inform State Government through KADP of the wireless services of ZittNet.
- A monitoring system of how all FF staff are improving their ICT skills and mobilizing support for ZittNet.
- A successful and documented business model using a user-centric approach in identifying and developing new products and services.
- Established a Wireless Users Forum and other feedback mechanisms
- Provide research evidence on the market demand for VoIP and WiFi networks, explaining how the poor use such services to manage their affairs.
- Invite key country Boundary Partners and stakeholders to a focused workshop.
- Regular meeting with the Social Entrepreneur to document the challenges confronting him in the deployment of ZittNet.
- Approval from Regulator for use of NITEL towers for co-location of wireless radios.

Expect to see:
- That all ZittNet process are well documented using multimedia
- To identify all relevant FF programs and services and leveraged them for ZittNet
- To be a regular user of ICTs
- Improved research capacity of T.Y. Shinggu in Outcome Mapping
- Informed the regulator about the research project
- Developing other progress markers and strategies during the Outcome Mapping phase
- Inviting key country Boundary Partners and stakeholders to a focused workshop
- Drafting of a policy position paper.

Boundary Partner 2: Social Entrepreneur Victor Adamu
Outcome Challenge:
- Develop an audit of user needs and the user interface with VOIP and WISP technology
- Develop strategies to inform future phases in the roll-out of ZittNet across Nigeria and West Africa based on the identified user needs.
- Develop ways of working with communities in order to identify potential products and services that carry higher margins in order to become self-
sustaining more quickly whilst delivering more relevant development outcomes.
- Leverage the language localisation program at Fantsuam http://zitt.sourceforge.net/zitt.php?su=eng&ibe=2&PHPSESSID=c63f5c272cfe...
- Develop strategies to stimulate demand for new products and services, e.g. by using free calls
- Integrate the IP04, a low cost phone system that can switch phone calls from analog phones or phone lines over the Internet using VoIP, integrated with a WISP in a box, into the ZittNet. The IP04 is a professionally designed product that is in volume production today.

Love to see:
- A thriving rural ICT-enabled economy.
- Increased usage of wireless access for community development as evidenced by increased subscription.
- An ICT Business Incubation Service. Like to see: - A profit-making balance sheet.
- Zitt languages services fully subscribed in all the partner communities.
- Documentation of how many new products and services has been stimulated through the provision of free calls WITHIN each partner community.
- MOUs with tertiary insitutions on students internships and use of the Knowledge Resource Centre.

Expect to see:
- A comprehensive list of ZittNet Stakeholders.
- Needs assessment of new clients location through site visits.
- A comprehensive Business Plan based on this outcome mapping for the development, deployment and expansion of the ZittNett for 18, 36 and 48
Months.
- Wireless connectivity access in all of Fantsuam’s microfinance partner communities.
- Increased usage of wireless services and the Knowledge Resource Centre by students of tertiary educational institutions.
- Capacity building workshops for entrepreneurs.

Boundary Partner 3: Technical Support Bidi Bala
Outcome Challenge:
- Become competent in 802.11 wireless network, the GNU/Linux operating system, system administration, Basic aspects of the physical layer in wireless
networking, TCP/IP networks, network topologies, planning, subnetting and Powering.
- Acquire competence to Implement low cost, affordable technologies and applications that result in the high use, potential revenue and dramatic cost
savings for ZittNet and end users.
- Ultimately, ZittNet will facilitate the expanded use of ICTs in remote African locations.
- Able to provide 24/7 technical support to all clients of ZittNet Love to see: - Enhanced public image of ZittNet as efficient, professional and public-spirited business
- More youths and young females engaged as self-employed wireless technicians. Like to see: - Additional ICT services provided in response to identified needs.
- Regular meetings with the Social entrepreneur to identify and meet his support and maintenance requirements.
- Regular feedback to Social Researcher to document challenges encountered with VOIP and WISP deployment.
- Explore contacts for deployment of complementary and low cost communication technologies, e.g HF Radios.

Expect to see:
- Each partner community and institution has installed VOPI and WISP-In-Box.
- Updated log book of services provided to Clients.

Boundary Partner 4: Churches and Mosques.
Outcome Challenges:
- Willing to collaborate with ZittNet to raise their members awareness on the use of the wireless network.
- Able to integrate ICTs into the services provided for their members.
- Identify local champions to work with ZittNet.
- Able to generate their own content in their own local languages.
- Become champions of wireless connectivity and affordable ICTs for other faith based organizations.
- Confident to share their skills and business models with other organizations.
- Make the wireless access a sustainable income generating activity for their institution.
- Willing to support advocacy efforts with the regulator to improve enabling environment for deployment and development of rural ICTs.

Love to see:
- Churches and Mosques become policy advocates of enabling improved and affordable access for their members.
- These institutions report increased satisfaction of their members with services provided.
- Attendance at forums for sharing lessons and resources.
- Increased use of ICTs by women for their daily activities.

Like to see:
- ICTs integrated into the various activities of the organization.
- The institutions actively engaged in encouraging their members to adopt ICTs for their various activities.

Expect to see:
- Members of these institutions acquiring ICT skills and using the facilities provided in their organizations.

Boundary Partner 5: Local and State Governments
Outcome Challenges:
- Government recognition of ZittNet as a strategic partner in promotion of ICTs for rural development in Nigeria.
- Increased patronage of ZittNet services by Government.
- Government willing to develop its own ICT Policy.

Love to see: An operational Local, State and Federal Government policy on rural connectivity.

Like to see: More Government services provided via the wireless network of ZittNet.

Expect to see:
Acknowledgement of Information provided to relevant Government agencies on activities of ZittNet.

Boundary Partner 6: The Regulator, Nigerian Communications Commission
Outcome challenges
- Develop policy to support and enable Community Owned Networks to be profitable.
- Support ZittNet to scale and expand the network to 10,000 rural community dwellers.

Love to see:
- Regulator adapts the ZittNet model for replication throughout Nigeria.
- Regulator facilitates co-location of ZittNet radios on NITEL towers.

Like to see: A visit of the regulator to ZittNet.

Expect to see:
Regulator gives approval for ZittNet operations.

Boundary Partner 7: Information and Communication students of tertiary institutions
Outcome Challenges:
- The Students Union and their institutions engage with ZittNet to provide work experience for students.
- Incubator discussions to get the students thinking about how to leverage their education to start an (their own) ICT business. e.g local manufacture of IP04 and telephone micro-business for rural Nigeria.

Love to see:
- ZittNet social investment in training students for ICT entrepreneurship.
- ICT Businmess Incubation Centre at Fantsuam.
- The Fantsuam Knowledge Resource Centre as a rural ICT4D hub for ZittNet.

Like to see: MOUs with tertiary institutions for students internships.

Expect to see:
- Increased students use of the Knowledge Resource Centre for researches.
- Open Day of ZittNet well attended by students.
- Help Desk for students enquiries set up.